Fire is a highly contextualized problem; therefore, there is no such thing as an unbiased or "objective" fire experiment. It is a thing that many researchers would understand but is very rarely pointed out. Where it is not a problem for fire science (more like a 'feature'), it may become one when the results of scientific experiments are directly applied to real-world engineering cases.

In this episode, I cover biases in research, from general ones to highly specific fire safety engineering biases. The list is long, we cover:

• selection bias
• confirmation bias
• measurement/instrumentation bias
• publication bias
• observer bias
• sampling/data analysis bias
• conflicts of interests

We also discuss the contextual nature of fire and fire science related to architecture, fuel, ignition, and environmental conditions. We cover experimental design and measurement techniques. While showcasing all those possible sources of uncertainty and error, it is important to highlight that the science is generally very reliable—you just need to know how to use it.

This is the final episode of 2024, so thank you very much for being here with the Fire Science Show and see you back on the Jan 8th 2025!!! Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to all of you!

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The Fire Science Show is produced by the Fire Science Media in collaboration with OFR Consultants. Thank you to the podcast sponsor for their continuous support towards our mission.

I just drove 500 km to have a conversation with Professor Vincent Brannigan from the University of Maryland, a very unique expert who combines law with fire engineering. In this discussion, we go into the complexities of building codes and fire safety, comparing traditional design methods (prescriptive) with performance-based designs (and all the stuff in between them). Through anecdotes and historical fire incidents, we highlight the impact of these systems on societal safety, economic development, and international trade. Vincent's unique background in both law and technology provides a rich perspective on how fire safety regulations have evolved to meet contemporary challenges.

In the episode, we explore the ongoing shift from politically validated regulations to those grounded in technical knowledge. This transition parallels developments in fields like medicine, necessitating a higher level of precision and expertise in ensuring public safety. We also tackle the thorny issue of global standardization, examining how experiential knowledge and political influences shape fire safety laws worldwide.

Finally, the episode dives deep into the challenges of balancing innovation and compliance in building safety. With examples from the world of hotels, airports and tall buildings, we discuss the role of engineers and regulators in navigating complex safety landscapes. Historical case studies, like the Triangle Shirtwaist fire, serve as poignant reminders of the stakes involved. Listen in for a thought-provoking exploration of risk analysis, regulatory negotiations, and the constant evolution of fire safety standards as we seek to protect lives and foster innovation.

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The Fire Science Show is produced by the Fire Science Media in collaboration with OFR Consultants. Thank you to the podcast sponsor for their continuous support towards our mission.

In this episode of fire science fundamentals, we cover the pressurisation systems. These are smoke control solutions used to prevent smoke from accessing protected spaces, by creating an overpressure in those spaces. Although the idea is very simple, its execution is far from that. Pressurization systems need to work in two distinct states – when all doors to the protected space are closed (over pressurization state), and when some openings are open (flow-path state).

In this episode, we cover:

· What are pressurization systems and why do we use them in buildings;

· Static and dynamic pressure;

· Pressurization systems as part of the smoke control strategy;

· Old-type mechanical systems, and novel active control systems;

· Role of vestibules/lobbies in resiliency strategy;

· Practical examples of use;

· Testing and certification.

Further recommended resources are:

· Episode 47 with Grzegorz Sypek – Effective pressurization, https://www.buzzsprout.com/admin/1735815/episodes/10466514-047-effective-pressurization-of-compartments-with-grzegorz-sypek

· Episode 116 – Natural and mechanical smoke control https://www.buzzsprout.com/admin/1735815/episodes/13493605-116-fire-fundamentals-pt-4-natural-and-powered-smoke-vents-with-wojciech

· Episode 136 – Fire Automation in a building https://www.buzzsprout.com/admin/1735815/episodes/14325679-136-fire-fundamentals-pt-6-the-fire-automation-in-a-building

· Węgrzyński & Antosiewicz - Autonomous Sensor-Driven Pressurization Systems: Novel Solutions and Future Trends, book chapter I’ve referred to in the episode. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-98685-8_11

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The Fire Science Show is produced by the Fire Science Media in collaboration with OFR Consultants. Thank you to the podcast sponsor for their continuous support towards our mission.