Showing titles in World War II
-
-
The Man Called Brown Condor
- The Forgotten History of an African American Fighter Pilot
- By: Thomas E. Simmons
- Narrated by: DeMario Clarke
- Length: 10 hrs and 17 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
How did a Black child, growing up in segregationist Mississippi during the early 1900s, become the commander of the Imperial Ethiopian Air Corps during the brutal Italo-Ethiopian War of 1935? In this gripping, never-before-told tale, biographer Thomas E. Simmons brings to life Robinson’s outstanding success in becoming a pilot, his expertise in building and assembling his own working aircraft, his influence on the establishment of a school of aviation at Tuskegee Institute, and his wartime service.
-
-
surprising moments of good humour
- By Anonymous User on 05-01-2023
-
The Man Called Brown Condor
- The Forgotten History of an African American Fighter Pilot
- Narrated by: DeMario Clarke
- Length: 10 hrs and 17 mins
- Release date: 23-02-2013
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $27.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $27.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Zigzag
- The incredible wartime exploits of double agent Eddie Chapman
- By: Nicholas Booth
- Narrated by: Roger Davis
- Length: 15 hrs and 17 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Eddie Chapman was a womaniser, blackmailer and safecracker. He was also a great hero - the most remarkable double agent of the Second World War. Chapman became the only British national ever to be awarded an Iron Cross for his work for the Reich. He was also the only German spy ever to be parachuted into Britain twice. But it was all an illusion: Eddie fooled the Germans in the same way he conned his victims in civilian life. He was working for the British all along.
-
Zigzag
- The incredible wartime exploits of double agent Eddie Chapman
- Narrated by: Roger Davis
- Length: 15 hrs and 17 mins
- Release date: 06-04-2017
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
I Somehow Survived
- Eyewitness Accounts from World War II
- By: Klaus G. Forg
- Narrated by: James Anderson Foster, Janet Metzger
- Length: 4 hrs and 29 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The first in a series of books, I Somehow Survived is an extraordinary collection of true stories giving testimony to those who survived World War II. Based on interviews with numerous veterans from across the spectrum of wartime experience, the book documents and reflects upon one of the most gruesome times in history. From anti-partisan warfare in the French mountains and atrocities in East Prussia to the experience of a Norwegian concentration camp, the accounts include rarely heard stories from a range of people caught up in the war.
-
I Somehow Survived
- Eyewitness Accounts from World War II
- Narrated by: James Anderson Foster, Janet Metzger
- Length: 4 hrs and 29 mins
- Release date: 13-04-2021
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $23.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $23.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Bugles and a Tiger
- My Life in the Gurkhas
- By: John Masters
- Narrated by: Roger Davis
- Length: 12 hrs and 13 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
John Masters was a soldier before he became a best-selling novelist. He went to Sandhurst in 1933 at the age of 18 and was commissioned into the Fourth Gurkha Rifles in time to take part in some of the last campaigns on the turbulent North-West Frontier of India. John Masters joined a Gurhka regiment on receiving his commission, and his depiction of garrison life and campaigning on the North-West Frontier has never been surpassed. Bugles and a Tiger is a matchless evocation of the British Army in India on the eve of the Second World War.
-
Bugles and a Tiger
- My Life in the Gurkhas
- Narrated by: Roger Davis
- Length: 12 hrs and 13 mins
- Release date: 03-11-2022
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
2SAS
- Bill Stirling and the Forgotten Special Forces Unit of World War II
- By: Gavin Mortimer
- Narrated by: John Hopkins
- Length: 8 hrs and 43 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
David Stirling is the name synonymous with the wartime SAS, but the real brains behind the operation was in fact Bill Stirling, David’s eldest brother. Bill was described in the SAS War Diary as a ‘man from the shadows’; it was an apt description for, unlike his attention seeking brother, Bill shunned the spotlight. Now for the first time the truth – and the triumph – of 2SAS is revealed.
-
-
An important addition
- By DavidJ on 23-10-2023
-
2SAS
- Bill Stirling and the Forgotten Special Forces Unit of World War II
- Narrated by: John Hopkins
- Length: 8 hrs and 43 mins
- Release date: 12-10-2023
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $21.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $21.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Islands of the Damned
- A Marine at War in the Pacific
- By: R. V. Burgin, Bill Marvel
- Narrated by: Sean Runnette
- Length: 6 hrs and 30 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
This is an eyewitness - and eye-opening - account of some of the most savage and brutal fighting in the war against Japan, told from the perspective of a young Texan who volunteered for the Marine Corps to escape a life as a traveling salesman. R. V. Burgin enlisted at the age of twenty and, with his sharp intelligence and earnest work ethic, climbed the ranks from a green private to a seasoned sergeant.
-
-
A great personal account of a Marine in the Pacific.
- By Beech Simmonds on 24-01-2024
-
Islands of the Damned
- A Marine at War in the Pacific
- Narrated by: Sean Runnette
- Length: 6 hrs and 30 mins
- Release date: 02-03-2010
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $22.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $22.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
80 Percent Luck, 20 Percent Skill
- My Life as a WWII Navy Ferry Pilot
- By: Ralph Alshouse
- Narrated by: Tom Lennon
- Length: 3 hrs and 2 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
A post-Depression 11-year-old farm boy sees a Piper Cub for the first time and chases the dream of being a pilot. When war breaks out, Ralph T. Alshouse does the unthinkable-he leaves the family farm to enlist in the Navy and as one of a handful of high school graduates, was accepted as an Aviation Cadet and eventually won U.S. Navy Wings of Gold. After flight school, he was assigned to one of the most labor-intensive jobs in the Navy-to test and deliver Navy operational aircraft from the factories in the U.S. and Canada to destinations and ports of embarkation on the East and West coasts.
-
80 Percent Luck, 20 Percent Skill
- My Life as a WWII Navy Ferry Pilot
- Narrated by: Tom Lennon
- Length: 3 hrs and 2 mins
- Release date: 17-11-2023
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $16.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $16.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
The Bulldog Track
- By: Peter Phelps
- Narrated by: Peter Phelps
- Length: 6 hrs and 20 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
March 1942: The world is at war. Too old to fight and with jobs scarce at home, Tom Phelps found work as a carpenter in the goldfields of the New Guinea Highlands. No one expected the Japanese to attack in the Pacific. But they did. Tom and his mates weren't going to hang around and wait to be killed. With escape routes bombed by the Japanese, their only option was to try to reach safety by foot, through some of the most rugged terrain on Earth - the Bulldog Track. Back home in Sydney, Rose Phelps, their son, George, and three daughters, Joy, Shirley and Ann, waited for news of Tom's fate.
-
-
Love it!
- By Anonymous User on 21-02-2021
-
The Bulldog Track
- Narrated by: Peter Phelps
- Length: 6 hrs and 20 mins
- Release date: 31-08-2018
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $27.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $27.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Red Devils
- The Trailblazers of the Parachute Regiment in World War Two: An Authorized History
- By: Mark Urban
- Narrated by: Mark Urban
- Length: 10 hrs and 59 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
The Parachute Regiment is Britain's elite airborne infantry. On the 80th anniversary of their first crucial campaign, in Operation Torch in North Africa, historian and broadcaster Mark Urban combines perspectives from German and British sources to tell the gripping stories of the men who had the resilience, fitness and self-reliance to be "Red Devils"—the name they were given by their German enemies.
-
Red Devils
- The Trailblazers of the Parachute Regiment in World War Two: An Authorized History
- Narrated by: Mark Urban
- Length: 10 hrs and 59 mins
- Release date: 27-10-2022
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Road to Surrender
- Three Men and the Countdown to the End of World War II
- By: Evan Thomas
- Narrated by: Robert Fass
- Length: 7 hrs and 50 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
At 9:20 a.m. on the morning of May 30, General Groves receives a message to report to the office of the secretary of war “at once.” Stimson is waiting for him. He wants to know: has Groves selected the targets yet? So begins this suspenseful, impeccably researched history that draws on new access to diaries to tell the story of three men who were intimately involved with America’s decision to drop the atomic bomb—and Japan’s decision to surrender.
-
-
A great summary of the closing months of the Pacific War
- By David Lovelock on 13-12-2023
-
Road to Surrender
- Three Men and the Countdown to the End of World War II
- Narrated by: Robert Fass
- Length: 7 hrs and 50 mins
- Release date: 08-06-2023
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $22.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $22.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Twilight of the Gods
- A Swedish Waffen-SS Volunteer's Experiences with the 11th SS-Panzergrenadier Division Nordland, Eastern Front 1944-45
- By: Thorolf Hillblad - editor
- Narrated by: Bruce Mann
- Length: 5 hrs and 50 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Erik Wallin served with his unit in all of these locations, and provides the listener with a fascinating glimpse into these final battles. The book is written with a "no holds barred" approach which will captivate, excite, and maybe even shock the listener - his recollections do not evade the brutality of fighting against the advancing Red Army. Twilight of the Gods is destined to become a classic memoir of the Second World War.
-
-
Bruce Mann
- By Amazon Customer on 22-03-2021
-
Twilight of the Gods
- A Swedish Waffen-SS Volunteer's Experiences with the 11th SS-Panzergrenadier Division Nordland, Eastern Front 1944-45
- Narrated by: Bruce Mann
- Length: 5 hrs and 50 mins
- Release date: 22-10-2019
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $21.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $21.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
The Price of Valor
- The Life of Audie Murphy, America's Most Decorated Hero of World War II
- By: David Smith
- Narrated by: Tom Perkins
- Length: 6 hrs
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
When he was 17 years old, Audie Murphy falsified his birth records so that he could enlist in the army and help defeat the Nazis. When he was 19, he single-handedly turned back the German army at the Battle of Colmar Pocket by climbing on top of a tank with a machine gun, a moment immortalized in the classic film To Hell and Back, starring Audie himself.
-
The Price of Valor
- The Life of Audie Murphy, America's Most Decorated Hero of World War II
- Narrated by: Tom Perkins
- Length: 6 hrs
- Release date: 20-04-2015
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $22.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $22.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Hospital at War: The 95th Evacuation Hospital in World War II
- Williams-Ford Texas A&M University Military History Series
- By: Zachary Friedenberg
- Narrated by: Chris Chappell
- Length: 4 hrs and 42 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Formed at Camp Breckenridge, the 95th Evac arrived in Casablanca in April 1943, with 7,000 troops, 30 doctors, and 40 nurses. Hospital at War is the story of the 95th Evac Hospital as told by Zachary Friedenberg, a young surgeon at the time, fresh out of his internship. He tells the story of how the men and women of the 95th survived the war. He describes how they solved problems and learned to treat the war-wounded in the extreme heat of North Africa and during the frigid winters of the Rhineland.
-
Hospital at War: The 95th Evacuation Hospital in World War II
- Williams-Ford Texas A&M University Military History Series
- Narrated by: Chris Chappell
- Length: 4 hrs and 42 mins
- Release date: 14-11-2018
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $16.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $16.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Priscilla
- By: Nicholas Shakespeare
- Narrated by: Nicholas Shakespeare
- Length: 15 hrs and 53 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
When Nicholas Shakespeare stumbled across a box of documents belonging to his late aunt he was completely unaware of where this discovery would take him. The Priscilla he remembered was very different from the glamorous, morally ambiguous young woman who emerged from the many love letters and journals, surrounded by suitors and living the dangerous existence of a British woman in a country controlled by the enemy. He had heard rumours that Priscilla had fought in the Resistance, but the truth turned out to be far more complicated.
-
-
Boring memoir about a forgettable aunt
- By Geraldine Gentle on 04-06-2023
-
Priscilla
- Narrated by: Nicholas Shakespeare
- Length: 15 hrs and 53 mins
- Release date: 03-07-2014
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Nightmare on Iwo Jima
- A Marine in Combat
- By: Patrick F. Caruso
- Narrated by: Charles Craig
- Length: 4 hrs and 13 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Among them was green young Lieutenant Pat Caruso who became de facto company commander when the five officers ranking him were killed or wounded. He led his rapidly diminishing force steadily forward for the next few days, when a day's gains were measured in yards. Caruso was eventually wounded himself and was evacuated. Realizing that the heroism of his comrades would be lost by the decimation of his unit, Caruso latched onto any paper he could find and filled every blank space with his memory of the fighting.
-
Nightmare on Iwo Jima
- A Marine in Combat
- Narrated by: Charles Craig
- Length: 4 hrs and 13 mins
- Release date: 05-06-2013
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $16.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $16.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
The War Magician
- The Man Who Conjured Victory in the Desert
- By: David Fisher
- Narrated by: Alex Jennings
- Length: 15 hrs and 48 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
Jasper Maskelyne was a world famous magician and illusionist in the 1930s. When war broke out, he volunteered his services to the British Army and was sent to Egypt when the desert war began. Here, he used his unique skills to save the vital port of Alexandria from German bombers and to 'hide' the Suez Canal from them. He invented all sorts of camouflage methods to make trucks look like tanks and vice versa. On Malta he developed 'the world's first portable holes': fake bomb craters used to fool the Germans into thinking they had hit their targets.
-
The War Magician
- The Man Who Conjured Victory in the Desert
- Narrated by: Alex Jennings
- Length: 15 hrs and 48 mins
- Release date: 16-04-2023
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Panzers on the Eastern Front
- General Erhard Raus and His Panzer Divisions in Russia 1941-1945
- By: Peter Tsouras - editor
- Narrated by: David de Vries
- Length: 10 hrs and 43 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
General Erhard Raus was one of the German Army's finest panzer generals and a leading exponent of blitzkrieg in the east. German panzers were witnesses to the incredible onslaught that was the first few months of Barbarossa, then the gradual strengthening of Russian resistance, counterattack and, ultimately, the long and drawn-out German retreat. Raus and his panzers were tested in every conceivable tactical situation and, inevitably, Raus became highly versed in all aspects of mobilized warfare.
-
Panzers on the Eastern Front
- General Erhard Raus and His Panzer Divisions in Russia 1941-1945
- Narrated by: David de Vries
- Length: 10 hrs and 43 mins
- Release date: 21-04-2020
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $26.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Lone Wolf
- The Remarkable Story of Britain's Greatest Nightfighter Ace of the Blitz - Flt Lt Richard Playne Stevens DSO, DFC & BAR
- By: Andy Saunders, Terry Thompson
- Narrated by: Bruce Mann
- Length: 5 hrs and 53 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
During the Second World War, Flt Lt Richard Stevens led an extraordinary campaign as an RAF nightfighter. Known to contemporaries as "Cat's Eyes" and by the height of his success in July 1941 as the "Lone Wolf", Flt Lt Stevens was the RAF's highest scoring nightfighter pilot with 14 victories. What makes his story unique is that all this was achieved without the aid of radar or another crew member. Instead, Flt Lt Stevens used extraordinary skill, instinct, and innate marksmanship.
-
Lone Wolf
- The Remarkable Story of Britain's Greatest Nightfighter Ace of the Blitz - Flt Lt Richard Playne Stevens DSO, DFC & BAR
- Narrated by: Bruce Mann
- Length: 5 hrs and 53 mins
- Release date: 02-02-2020
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $21.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $21.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
- Aviation Classics
- By: Ted W. Lawson
- Narrated by: Douglas R. Pratt
- Length: 6 hrs and 39 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
In Ted W. Lawson’s classic Thirty Seconds over Tokyo, Lawson gives a vivid eyewitness account of the unorthodox assignment that 85 intrepid volunteer airmen - the “Tokyo Raiders” - under the command of celebrated flier James H. Doolittle executed in April 1942. The plan called for 16 B-25 twin-engine medium bombers of the Army Air Corps to take off from the aircraft carrier Hornet, bomb industrial targets in Japan, and land at airfields in China.
-
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
- Aviation Classics
- Narrated by: Douglas R. Pratt
- Length: 6 hrs and 39 mins
- Release date: 04-02-2020
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $22.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $22.99 or 1 Credit
-
-
-
Patton: Battling with History
- American Military Experience
- By: J. Furman Daniel III
- Narrated by: Scott Carrico
- Length: 12 hrs and 5 mins
- Unabridged
-
Overall
-
Performance
-
Story
General George S. Patton Jr. is one of the most successful yet misunderstood figures in American military history. Despite the many books and articles written about him, none considers in depth how his love of history shaped the course of his life. In this thematic biography, Furman Daniel traces Patton’s obsession with history and argues that it informed and contributed to many of his successes, both on and off the battlefield. Most scholars have overlooked this element of Patton’s character, which Daniel argues is essential to understanding the man’s genius.
-
Patton: Battling with History
- American Military Experience
- Narrated by: Scott Carrico
- Series: American Military Experience
- Length: 12 hrs and 5 mins
- Release date: 07-05-2020
- Language: English
Failed to add items
Sorry, we are unable to add the item because your shopping cart is already at capacity.Add to basket failed.
Please try again laterAdd to Wish List failed.
Please try again laterRemove from Wish List failed.
Please try again laterFollow podcast failed
Unfollow podcast failed
Non-member price: $27.99 or 1 Credit
Sale price: $27.99 or 1 Credit
-