Episodes

  • 34: Missile Wars & the Risk of WW3

    34: Missile Wars & the Risk of WW3
    Oct 16 2024
    Dr James Bosbotinis draws on his considerable expertise in naval weaponry and the threats they pose, along with offering insights into geopolitical developments that do not augur well for world peace.

    The discussion with host Iain Ballantyne includes the part played by the US Navy and Royal Navy defending international shipping in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden against attack by the Houthi rebels of Yemen, along with Iranian ballistic missile and drone blitzes on Israel.

    Western naval stocks being depleted at a time when the threat from Russia and China must also be deterred is considered, along with whether or not Directed Energy Weapons (lasers) offer a cheap, less expensive, means to tackle incoming drones and missiles. Going back to the future is also likely, Iain and James agree, with Western warships bristling with guns.

    The Iranian-Russian alliance, and also Moscow’s co-operation with North Korea, crops up in the chat, as does Russia sending military advisors to assist the Houthis in targeting Western warships and merchant vessels. Iain and James discuss Putin possibly supplying even more deadly missiles to the Houthis, raising the prospect of a latter-day Cuban Missile Crisis. Moscow may well miscalculate and cross a red line that could lead to major war with the West, a conflict stretching around the globe with worldwide repercussions.

    How Russia might deal with NATO after the Ukraine War draws to an end is also touched on during the conversation, not least the UK’s lack of ballistic missile defences, and the need for the West’s political and military leaders to create credible deterrence that defeats Moscow’s nuclear blackmail.

    • Dr James Bosbotinis is a freelance specialist in defence and international affairs and the Book Reviews Editor of ‘The Naval Review’. He has written widely on issues including: development of maritime strategy, long-range strike technologies (including hypersonic weapons) and their impact on strategy; Russian naval and wider military modernisation; China’s evolving strategy and naval force development. Dr Bosbotinis contributes to various international media outlets. He is also an Associate Member of the Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies, King’s College London.

    For more information about Dr Bosbotinis visit: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamesbosbotinis

    He is on X @JamesBosbotinis

    •Iain Ballantyne is the founding and current Editor of ‘Warships IFR’ magazine (first published in 1998) along with its ‘Guide to the Royal Navy’ (since 2003) and ‘Guide to the US Navy’ (since 2018). Iain is also author of the books ‘Hunter Killers’ (Orion) and ‘The Deadly Trade’ (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), both about submarine warfare, plus ‘Arnhem: Ten Days in The Cauldron’ and ‘Bismarck: 24 Hours to Doom’ (published by Canelo). In 2017 Iain was awarded a Fellowship by the British Maritime Foundation, which promotes awareness of the United Kingdom’s dependence on the sea and seafarers. Visit his web site Bismarckbattle.com and follow him on X @IBallantyn

    The next (November) edition of ‘Warships IFR’ is published on 18.10.24 in the UK and also deployed globally. Visit the magazine web site http://bit.ly/wifrmag Also, follow it on X @WarshipsIFR Facebook @WarshipsIFR and Warships IFR TV on YouTube @warshipsifrtv3668

    For more on various editions of the magazine https://bit.ly/wifri
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    1 hr and 3 mins
  • 33: Making the Royal Navy More Lethal

    33: Making the Royal Navy More Lethal
    Jul 23 2024
    Our guests on this episode of the podcast are Dr Emma Salisbury and Will Freer, who recently wrote a commentary for Warships IFR, headlined ‘How to Achieve a More Lethal Royal Navy’, which was based on their recent report for the Council on Geostrategy.

    Here they discuss various topics associated with the report with podcast host Iain Ballantyne. They include the Royal Navy’s role today, what ‘being more lethal’ means in reality and also component parts of ‘more lethality’.

    In addition, the ideal size of the Royal Navy’s destroyer and frigate force is touched on and also the importance of fleet size, especially in the drone era. Other aspects of lethality are highlighted, including the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the importance of an efficient recruitment system for the RN (along with retention of those already in the Naval Service).

    Iain asks if, in light of the new UK Government, how likely we are to see a pruning back of current warship orders, for the Type 26 and/or Type 31 frigates.

    With the scars of the notorious 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) still running deep - and the state of UK Defence not getting much better during subsequent reviews - can we be optimistic about the defence review now underway, especially with Lord Robertson at the helm? Or can we kiss hopes for a more lethal Royal Navy goodbye?

    To read Emma and Will’s report, called ‘A more lethal Royal Navy: Sharpening Britain’s naval power,’ in full https://www.geostrategy.org.uk/research/a-more-lethal-royal-navy-sharpening-britains-naval-power/
    Follow the Council on Geostrategy on X @ConGeostrategy
    Web site: geostrategy.org.uk

    To read a concise summary of the same report, written by its authors, get the July 2024 edition of Warships IFR https://warshipsifr.com/issues/

    •Dr Emma Salisbury is a fellow at the Council on Geostrategy, specialising in naval matters, defence-industrial policy, and military procurement. She recently completed her PhD with a dissertation focused on the history of the US military-industrial complex. She is also a senior staffer for a Member of Parliament and an assistant editor at War on the Rocks.
    Follow her on X @salisbot

    •William Freer is a Research Fellow in National Security at the Council on Geostrategy, where his work centres around the Council's 'Strategic Advantage Cell' exploring the key foreign and defence policy issues facing the UK. Before joining the Council he did War Studies at King's College London and went on to work in the world of consulting. He is also an Associate Fellow with the Royal Navy's Strategic Studies Centre.
    Follow him on X @william_freer

    •Iain Ballantyne is the founding and current Editor of Warships IFR (first published in 1998) along with its ‘Guide to the Royal Navy’ (since 2003) and ‘Guide to the US Navy’ (since 2018). Iain is also author of the books ‘Hunter Killers’ (Orion) and ‘The Deadly Trade’ (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), both about submarine warfare, plus ‘Arnhem: Ten Days in The Cauldron’ and ‘Bismarck: 24 Hours to Doom’ (published by Canelo). In 2017 Iain was awarded a Fellowship by the British Maritime Foundation, which promotes awareness of the United Kingdom’s dependence on the sea and seafarers. Visit his web site Bismarckbattle.com and follow him on X @IBallantyn

    The next (Sept) edition of Warships IFR is published on 16.8.24 in the UK and also deployed globally. Visit the magazine web site http://bit.ly/wifrmag Also, follow it on X @WarshipsIFR Facebook @WarshipsFR and Warships IFR TV on YouTube @warshipsifrtv3668 For more on various editions of the magazine https://bit.ly/wifri
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    47 mins
  • 32: Dormant NATO & Russia: Confront or Contain?

    32: Dormant NATO & Russia: Confront or Contain?
    Jun 3 2024
    Back for a second discussion of hot topics are guests Dr Gary Blackburn and Dr David Blagden. With host Iain Ballantyne, they weigh up the prospect of European NATO nations being forced to cope with a bigger burden of defence, if a re-elected President Trump decides to to pull American land forces out of the Continent. It is a policy that is being called ‘Dormant NATO’ by some commentators.

    They also consider whether or not the confrontation between missile-firing Houthi rebels and Western navies in the Red Sea is becoming a forgotten contest, with warships that were once committed to protecting sea trade now diverted elsewhere.

    With European taxpayers getting a subsidy on their own defence - due to the USA carrying the NATO burden - it is suggested that (even if America did not pull out or scale back forces in annoyance) its strategic and military rivalry with China - which is building a huge navy - may force Washington to concentrate even more on Asia-Pacific.

    In discussing the fact that certain sanctions on Russia, for invading Ukraine in 2022, may be less than waterproof, the subject of whether to directly confront Moscow or stick to a long, hard policy of containment - in ‘Cold War 2’ - is also touched upon by the trio.

    •The next (July) edition of Warships IFR is published on June 21 in the UK and globally. Visit the magazine web site http://bit.ly/wifrmag Also, follow us on X @WarshipsIFR Facebook @WarshipsFR and Warships IFR TV on YouTube @warshipsifrtv3668 For more on various editions of the magazine https://bit.ly/wifri

    •Dr Gary Blackburn is an honorary fellow of the Centre for Security Studies at the University of Hull. Gary has taught Security Studies and Military History at the Universities of Leeds and Hull, respectively - and has written for Defence Studies and The Critic, and for the latter about aspects of the UK’s 2021 Integrated Review of Defence and Security. Follow him on X at @gjb70

    •Dr David Blagden, is Senior Lecturer in International Security at the Strategy and Security Institute (SSI) and in the Department of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Exeter. Dr Blagden has worked in - and subsequently consulted for - the UK Cabinet Office, provided evidence for a number of Parliamentary Select Committees and HM Government policy reviews.

    He is also a Visiting Fellow of the Royal Navy Strategic Studies Centre, an Associate of the Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies. He has written for outlets including The Guardian, The Spectator and the New Statesman. Follow him on X @blagden_david

    •Iain Ballantyne is the founding and current Editor of Warships IFR (first published in 1998) along with its ‘Guide to the Royal Navy’ (since 2003) and ‘Guide to the US Navy’ (since 2018). Iain is also author of the books ‘Hunter Killers’ (Orion) and ‘The Deadly Trade’ (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), both about submarine warfare, plus ‘Arnhem: Ten Days in The Cauldron’ and ‘Bismarck: 24 Hours to Doom’ (published by Canelo). In 2017 Iain was awarded a Maritime Fellowship by the British Maritime Foundation. Visit his web site Bismarckbattle.com and follow him on X @IBallantyn
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    25 mins
  • 31: National Service Electioneering & Drones Seduction

    31: National Service Electioneering & Drones Seduction
    May 31 2024
    Our guests for this episode are Dr Gary Blackburn and Dr David Blagden who, with host Iain Ballantyne, discuss a recent proposal by the UK Government to introduce a new National Service scheme for 18-year-olds.

    Iain asks if it is just a case of blatant electioneering by the incumbent Sunak administration, which looks set to lose a summer General Election to the Labour Party? Or does the proposal offer some merit amid a recruitment crisis for the Royal Navy?

    Likewise, was the other recent big defence announcement by the Conservative government - of taking Defence spending to 2.5 per cent of GDP by 2030 - another gambit to try and win votes?

    Also discussed is the state of the Royal Navy, with frigate and destroyer levels now cut to just 15 and yet with warnings of the UK being confronted by a pre-war state. Things may improve in the 2030s, with new warships entering service, but in the meantime it leaves Britain with a small, tired ‘jam tomorrow’ Navy. The effect of sea blindness is also touch upon during the conversation.

    And can drones really replace people and warships? Or are they just a seductive illusion?

    This is just the first helping of discourse between the trio as in the next episode – out very soon – they tackle the topics of ‘Dormant NATO’ (under a possible second Trump presidency), the wars in the Red and Black seas and whether to directly confront Russia or contain that nuclear state.

    •The next (July) edition of Warships IFR is published on June 21 in the UK and globally. Visit the magazine web site http://bit.ly/wifrmag Also, follow us on X @WarshipsIFR Facebook @WarshipsFR and Warships IFR TV on YouTube @warshipsifrtv3668 For more on various editions of the magazine https://bit.ly/wifri

    •Dr Gary Blackburn is an honorary fellow of the Centre for Security Studies at the University of Hull. Gary has taught Security Studies and Military History at the Universities of Leeds and Hull, respectively - and has written for Defence Studies and The Critic, and for the latter about aspects of the UK’s 2021 Integrated Review of Defence and Security. Follow him on X at @gjb70

    •Dr David Blagden, is Senior Lecturer in International Security at the Strategy and Security Institute (SSI) and in the Department of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Exeter. Dr Blagden has worked in - and subsequently consulted for - the UK Cabinet Office, provided evidence for a number of Parliamentary Select Committees and HM Government policy reviews.

    He is also a Visiting Fellow of the Royal Navy Strategic Studies Centre, an Associate of the Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies. He has written for outlets including The Guardian, The Spectator and the New Statesman. Follow him on X @blagden_david


    •Iain Ballantyne is the founding and current Editor of Warships IFR (first published in 1998) along with its ‘Guide to the Royal Navy’ (since 2003) and ‘Guide to the US Navy’ (since 2018). Iain is also author of the books ‘Hunter Killers’ (Orion) and ‘The Deadly Trade’ (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), both about submarine warfare, plus ‘Arnhem: Ten Days in The Cauldron’ and ‘Bismarck: 24 Hours to Doom’ (published by Canelo). In 2017 Iain was awarded a Fellowship by the British Maritime Foundation, which promotes awareness of the United Kingdom’s dependence on the sea and seafarers. Visit his web site Bismarckbattle.com and follow him on X @IBallantyn
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    36 mins
  • 30: Naval Intelligence in WW2 - Eavesdroppers & the Secret War

    30: Naval Intelligence in WW2 - Eavesdroppers & the Secret War
    May 10 2024
    Our guest on this episode is Dr Helen Fry, the author of more than 25 books on the social history of WW2, not least British intelligence activities, spies and the like.

    She is a leading authority on many related topics, including on the ‘secret listeners’ who eavesdropped on what enemy Prisoners of War were discussing. This was in order to gain insights into what was going on in the foe’s war effort and also the mindset of the German opposition.

    In the discussion with podcast host Iain Ballantyne, Dr Fry touches on various naval angles not least the eavesdropping that was used across various sites where German U-boat crews were held.

    This includes the use of deliberately casual interrogations to lull the PoWs into a false sense of security for when they discussed things later with their comrades in captivity (not knowing they were being listened to). We also learn how one U-boat sailor in 1940 gave away Enigma machine secrets in a most extraordinary fashion.

    The unsung, backroom work of women and others in British naval intelligence, including for the D-Day invasion of June 6, 1944, is included in the fascinating chat.

    Also discussed is the use of female interrogators, and also how German and Austrian refugees from Nazi oppression (due to their Jewish faith) became players in the British intelligence-gathering system and even commandos.

    • The next edition of Warships IFR is published on May 17, in the UK and globally. It includes a special D-Day 80 feature section, commemorating the Allied invasion of Normandy that began the liberation of Northwest Europe from Nazi oppression. For more on the June 2024 edition https://bit.ly/w2406c (live from 17.5.24) or visit the magazine web site http://bit.ly/wifrmag Also, follow us on X @WarshipsIFR Facebook @WarshipsFR and Warships IFR TV on YouTube @warshipsifrtv3668 For more on various editions of the magazine https://bit.ly/wifri
    • Among Dr Fry’s books are ‘Women in Intelligence’, ‘The Walls Have Ears’ and ‘The London Cage’. Her next book is ‘Why I Became an X Troop Commando’ (out later this year). All of the aforementioned are published by Yale University Press. Visit Helen’s web site https://www.helen-fry.com or follow her on X @DrHelenFry
    • Iain Ballantyne is the founding and current Editor of Warships IFR (first published in 1998) along with its ‘Guide to the Royal Navy’ (since 2003) and ‘Guide to the US Navy’ (since 2018). Iain is also author of the books ‘Hunter Killers’ (Orion) and ‘The Deadly Trade’ (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), both about submarine warfare, plus ‘Arnhem: Ten Days in The Cauldron’ and ‘Bismarck: 24 Hours to Doom’ (published by Canelo). Visit his web site Bismarckbattle.com and follow him on X @IBallantyn
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    53 mins
  • 29: A Fragile Nuclear Deterrent in a Dangerous World

    29: A Fragile Nuclear Deterrent in a Dangerous World
    Mar 18 2024
    In part two of their discussion, Warships Pod host Iain Ballantyne and guest Doug Littlejohns touch on numerous things, not least nuclear deterrent matters.

    As in the previous episode, the situation during the Cold War is compared with today’s, including the problem of Royal Navy submarines that carry the deterrent becoming elderly and badly in need of replacement.

    Doug recalls his role in selling the upgrade from Polaris to Trident to the British public in the 1980s, providing insights into how fundamental it was to absolutely guarantee its effectiveness.

    Doug suggests that for such systems to be effective ‘weapons for peace’, the UK and NATO need to have a credible conventional deterrent too. Today, so Doug believes, the balance has been lost and this risks making nuclear weapons use more likely.

    Mentioned are the massive efforts of Royal Navy submarine crews keeping the now 30 years-old Vanguard Class Trident missile submarines of today running on marathon patrols, some of them lasting an astonishing six months or more.

    Among other things covered in this episode, Doug recalls the time when - during 1980s arms reduction talks in Iceland with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev - US President Ronald Reagan appeared to give away the British and French nuclear deterrent without prior permission, as part of bargaining.

    Iain and Doug also discuss the situation today with Houthi rebels of Yemen attacking merchant vessels in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Doug reflects on his experiences as the captain of a British frigate tasked with protecting shipping during the Tanker War of the 1980s.

    Iain and Doug also consider the recruitment crisis currently facing the Royal Navy and the challenge of encouraging people to join up (and then keeping them in service) today and back in the Cold War.

    Finally, they ponder when, if ever, the current mess of UK Defence will be properly sorted out.

    For more on the current state of the Royal Navy, and more particularly the UK Submarine Service and its ‘Perfect Storm’, get the April 2024 edition of Warships IFR, which is out NOW! Visit https://bit.ly/w2404c
    • Doug Littlejohns commanded the diesel-electric patrol submarine HMS Osiris and the nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) HMS Sceptre, plus the anti-submarine warfare frigate HMS London, during the Cold War. Capt Littlejohns faced the forces of the Soviet Union in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Baltic, and also the Iranians in the Arabian Gulf.
    • Iain Ballantyne is the founding and current Editor of Warships IFR (first published in 1998) along with its ‘Guide to the Royal Navy’ (since 2003) and ‘Guide to the US Navy’ (since 2018). Iain is also author of the books ‘Hunter Killers’ (Orion) and ‘The Deadly Trade’ (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), both about submarine warfare.
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    46 mins
  • 28: On the Brink of World War Three?

    28: On the Brink of World War Three?
    Mar 11 2024
    In the first part of a discussion with Captain Doug Littlejohns, who commanded a nuclear-powered hunter-killer submarine against the Russians during the old Cold War, the primary topic is whether or not we are on the brink of World War Three.

    Doug provides insights gained when he played key roles tasking NATO submarines during 1980s spikes in tension and also from working in the corridors of power in the Ministry of Defence in London.

    Podcast host Iain Ballantyne also asks whether or not Doug was ever truly scared the face-off between the Soviet Union and the West would turn into a hot war, especially during a surge of Russian Navy submarines into the North Atlantic.

    The situation then and now is contrasted with today’s, not least the pronouncements of NATO leaders that war with Putin’s Russia is looming.

    The state of the Royal Navy today - with its combat commitments against the Houthis in the Red Sea and having to handle the rising Russian threat elsewhere - is considered and compared with how the British fleet handled things in the 1980s.

    And what of the so-called ‘Special Relationship’ militarily between the UK and USA - is it now seriously out of balance?

    Doug Littlejohns commanded the diesel-electric patrol submarine HMS Osiris and the nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) HMS Sceptre, plus the anti-submarine warfare frigate HMS London, during the Cold War. Capt Littlejohns faced the forces of the Soviet Union in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Baltic, and also the Iranians in the Arabian Gulf.

    Iain Ballantyne is the founding and current Editor of Warships IFR (first published in 1998) along with its ‘Guide to the Royal Navy’ (since 2003) and ‘Guide to the US Navy’ (since 2018). Iain is also author of the books ‘Hunter Killers’ (Orion) and ‘The Deadly Trade’ (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), both about submarine warfare.

    For more details on Iain and his books visit the websites:
    http://iainballantyne.com and https://www.bismarckbattle.com/
    Follow him on Twitter @IBallantyn
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    32 mins
  • 27: UK Defence Troubles & the New Cold War

    27: UK Defence Troubles & the New Cold War
    Dec 12 2023

    A National Audit Office (NAO) report on ‘The Equipment Plan 2023 - 2033’ in the UK makes for grim reading, revealing a massive so-called ‘black hole’ in the Defence budget, which means there is apparently no money for key projects, including future warships.

    In part two of the discussion, host Iain Ballantyne and guests Gary Blackburn and James Bosbotinis weigh up the shortfall in funding. They also ponder what the Labour Government-in-waiting might do to fill in the ‘black hole’ if it succeeds in coming to power in 2024. 

    Are we going to see the Navy-led Indo-Pacific ‘tilt’ by the UK axed and would that be a wise move in our interconnected world? Surely there cannot be another British retreat from East of Suez? 

    With so many threats looming globally, might a UK government be foolish enough to follow the example of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review and further hollow out the Armed Forces to save money with big item cuts? 

    Aside from contemplating the above issues, the discussion addresses whether or not the long-feared New Cold War is here, with the Western liberal democracies confronted by a global existential threat from authoritarian states (not least Russia and Iran).

    • For more on Warships IFR magazine http://bit.ly/wifrmag 

    Follow it on Twitter @WarshipsIFR and on Facebook @WarshipsIFR

    The topics discussed during our podcast episode are often also looked at in the magazine itself. It is available in digital and hard copy formats. To find out where it is available from UK shops bit.ly/searchdist 

    Our new Warships IFR 'Guide to the Royal Navy 2024' is out now in the UK in shops bit.ly/searchdist or order direct from Sundial Magazines https://bit.ly/GRN24e 

    Guests:

    • Dr Gary Blackburn is an honorary fellow of the Centre for Security Studies at the University of Hull, which seeks to enhance understanding on the nature of war and strategy while also providing guidance on best practice in war and strategy to professional stakeholders.

    Gary has taught Security Studies and Military History at the Universities of Leeds and Hull, respectively - and has written for Defence Studies and The Critic, and for the latter about aspects of the UK’s 2021 Integrated Review of Defence and Security. Follow him on Twitter @gjb70

    • Dr James Bosbotinis is a freelance defence and international affairs analyst, specialising in maritime strategy and force developments. He is a regular contributor to Warships International Fleet Review, and is the Book Reviews Editor of The Naval Review.

    For more information about Dr Bosbotinis visit
    https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamesbosbotinis
    He is on twitter @JamesBosbotinis

    Warships Pod host:

    • Iain Ballantyne is the founding and current Editor of Warships IFR (first published in 1998) along with its ‘Guide to the Royal Navy’ (since 2003) and ‘Guide to the US Navy’ (since 2018). Iain is also author of the books ‘Hunter Killers’ (Orion) and ‘The Deadly Trade’ (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), both about submarine warfare, with his most recent books being ‘Bismarck: 24 Hours to Doom’ and ‘Arnhem: Ten Days in The Cauldron’ (Canelo History). 

    For more details on Iain and his books visit the web sites 

    http://iainballantyne.com and https://www.bismarckbattle.com/

    Follow him on Twitter @IBallantyn
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    35 mins