J. Lee et al., "Whirling Interface: Hand-based Motion Matching Selection for Small Target on XR Displays," 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Bellevue, WA, USA, 2024, pp. 319-328, doi: 10.1109/ISMAR62088.2024.00046.

We introduce “Whirling Interface,” a selection method for XR displays using bare-hand motion matching gestures as an input technique. We extend the motion matching input method, by introducing different input states to provide visual feedback and guidance to the users. Using the wrist joint as the primary input modality, our technique reduces user fatigue and improves performance while selecting small and distant targets. In a study with 16 participants, we compared the whirling interface with a standard ray casting method using hand gestures. The results demonstrate that the Whirling Interface consistently achieves high success rates, especially for distant targets, averaging 95.58% with a completion time of 5.58 seconds. Notably, it requires a smaller camera sensing field of view of only 21.45° horizontally and 24.7° vertically. Participants reported lower workloads on distant conditions and expressed a higher preference for the Whirling Interface in general. These findings suggest that the Whirling Interface could be a useful alternative input method for XR displays with a small camera sensing FOV or when interacting with small targets.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10765156